Raman spectroscopy has strong potential for providing non-invasion diagnosis of cancers. In this paper, micro-Raman spectroscopy is used to diagnose one most common liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The statistical analyzes, including t-test, principal component analysis (PCA), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), are performed on the Raman spectra of malignant and normal hepatocytes. The t-test-LDA results show that the 786- and 1004-cm^{-1} bands of the malignant and normal hepatocytes are significantly different, and PCA-LDA results show an overall accuracy of 100% for the Raman spectroscopic identification of normal and malignant hepatocytes in our experiment.

To study the efficacy and side effects of antitumor drug by the method of Raman spectroscopy, the cancerous (SGC-7901) and normal (GES-1) gastric cells were treated with 0, 25-, 100-, and 200-mg/L 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) for 24 h, respectively, then Raman spectra of cells were recorded. The excitation wavelength was 514.5 nm and the Raman spectra in the region of 500-1800 cm-1 were recorded. For the gastric cancer cells, as the concentration of 5-Fu increases, the band at 1094 cm-1 attributed to the symmetric stretching vibration mode of PO^(2)_(-) in the DNA backbone gradually decreases, and the intensity ratio of the band at 1315 cm-1 to that at 1340 cm-1 (I1315/I1340) shows the ascending trend, and the ratio of the band area at 1655 cm-1 to that at 1450 cm-1 (A1655/A1450) shows the slight ascending trend. For the normal gastric cells, these peaks also appear changes, however, the changes are weaker than those for the cancer cells. In SGC-7901 cells, 5-Fu can interfere with the DNA synthesis and result in the reduction of the DNA content. Besides, it can affect the unsaturation degree of the hydrocarbon chains and alter the external environment of guanine and adenine residues in cancer cells. The changes of Raman spectra for normal gastric cells reveal the side effect of 5-Fu.

Mitoxantrone, a clinically useful antitumour antibiotic for leukaemia and breast cancer, has received more attentions. In this paper, the interaction between mitoxantrone and calf thymus DNA is investigated by Raman and fluorescence spectroscopies, and the binding site of mitoxantrone to calf thymus DNA is explored. The results showed that mitoxantrone interacts with calf thymus DNA bases by the intercalation of anthracycline into the base pair plane of adenine (A) and thymine (T), and it results in the disruption of the hydrogen bonds between calf thymus DNA bases, and thus the calf thymus DNA double-strand can be disrupted into the B-form DNA double-strand segments.

Micro-Raman spectroscopy is employed to identify the normal and malignant human stomach cells. For the cancer cell, the reduced intensity of the Raman peak at 1250 cm^(-1) indicates that the protein secondary structure transforms from β-sheet or disordered structures to α-helical, while the increased intensity of the symmetric PO2 stretching vibration mode at 1094 cm^(-1) shows the increased DNA content. The ratio of the intensity at 1315 cm^(-1) to that at 1340 cm^(-1) reduces from 1.8 for the normal cell to 1.1 for the cancer cell in the course of canceration, and the ratio of the intensity at 1655 cm^(-1) to that at 1450 cm^(-1) increases from 1.00 for the cancer cell to 1.26 for the normal cell which indicates that the canceration of stomach cell may induce saturation of the lipid chain.

Crystallization is induced by pulsed laser irradiation of as-deposited amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 films. Changes of the irradiated areas have been analyzed with the reflectivity contrast. As laser fluences increasing, the reflectivity contrast increases from 0%-2% to 14%-16%, which indicates the structure of as-deposited films transforms from amorphous to crystalline phases. The process of crystallization driven by the movement and rearrangement of atoms is described. And also the influence of the pulse duration on the threshold of crystallization is discussed, the results show that a lower threshold of crystallization can be produced for as-deposited films irradiated by the laser with short pulse duration. However, by the laser with long pulse duration, crystallization can only be formed with a higher threshold. The crystallization of films by irradiation of laser pulses is studied by Raman spectra.